Abstract

Introduction: Glyphosate-Based Herbicide (GBHs) are widely used worldwide,
this study investigated the ameliorative effect of Aloe Vera against GBHs hepatic
toxicity in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant Actions, with a focus on
DNA damage and apoptosis.
Methods: Twenty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly classified into four
groups: Group I, represented as a control. In group II, rats were administered
500 mg/kg of Roundup herbicide as one of GBHs. In Group III, rats were
administered 200 mg/kg of Aloe Vera, and finally, in Group IV, rats were coadministered with 500 mg/kg of Roundup and 200 mg/kg of Aloe Vera, orally,
three times a week for 6 weeks.
Results and Discussion: Rats exposed to GBH showed significant oxidative
stress, evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the reduced
glutathione (GSH) levels, alongside increased the inflammatory markers (TNF-
α and IL-1β). Liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH) were markedly elevated,
and comet assay results revealed substantial DNA fragmentation in hepatocytes.
Histopathological findings and immunohistochemical overexpression of
caspase-3 confirmed the liver pathological lesions and apoptosis, respectively.
Co-administration of Aloe Vera with GBH significantly alleviated the biochemical,
histopathological, and apoptotic alterations, but it did not fully reverse the DNA
damage. These findings suggest that Aloe Vera may offer partial hepatoprotection
against GBH toxicity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 

To determine the potential toxic effects of aflatoxins (AFs), the ameliorative role of zinc oxide nanoparticles and activated charcoal against aflatoxicosis, and finally, the effective role of the recovery period against aflatoxins toxic effects and their residues. A total of 70 one-day-old Moulard ducklings were obtained and classified into seven groups, comprising 10 ducklings per group. The control group (G1) ducklings were fed on a basal diet free from AFs. Group 2 (G2) ducklings received a naturally AFs-contaminated feed with 50 ppb total AFs. Group 3 (G3) ducklings consumed 50 ppb AFs-contaminated feed and 10 mg/kg/feed zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). Group 4 (G4) ducklings consumed 50 ppb AFs-contaminated feed and 1.5% of the ration activated charcoal. Group 5 (G5) ducklings consumed 50 ppb AFs-contaminated feed with ZnONPs and an activated charcoal combination. Group 6 (G6) ducklings …

Toxic methyl alcohol is widely employed in industry, and it is highly toxic. Only 15 cc ingestion can result in irreversible blindness. The mechanism of toxicity is still a matter of debate. This study was conducted to investigate the incorporation of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the toxicity of the brain, eye, and pancreas following ingestion of methyl alcohol and the possible protective role of PPAR-γ modulators. Twenty-four adult Wister albino rats were divided into four groups of six rats each: a control group, a pioglitazone group, a methanol group, and a combined pioglitazone and methanol group. Oxidative stress markers, random blood sugar, insulin, and pancreatic function measurements were evaluated. Western blot analysis for PPAR-γ and Nrf2 protein expressions was performed. Histopathological examination was performed for eye …

A simple, one-pot method was designed for preparing nanocomposite material and its potential applications for water remediation. X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry, and N₂ adsorption and desorption isotherm techniques were used to examine the chemical and physical characteristics of the prepared nanomaterials. The developed nano-sized sorbent has a good surface area of about 106.788 m² g⁻¹. The synthesized nanocomposite was employed as a sorbent to remove several heavy metals, such as Cd(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb(II), Mn(II), and Cr(VI), and different pesticides (e.g., Diazinon, Parathion Methyl, Malathion, Parathion ethyl, Epoxide, DDE, Dieldrin, and Aldrin). The removal efficiencies were found to be in the range of 9.52–94.8%, 23.14–99.40%, and 8.91–85.50% for pesticides, heavy metals, and physical contaminants, respectively. In addition, the sorption capacities of the different metals ranged from 2.31 to 9.94 mg g⁻¹, and from 2.67 to 28.00 mg g⁻¹ for different pesticides. While it was 31.49–306.63 mg g⁻¹ for physical contaminants.

Lead (Pb²⁺) poisoning in water is now a more serious environmental concern than any other, due to its potential toxicity and accumulation in the human body. The Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) effectively removed organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solution. This study comprehensively investigates the adsorption properties of PBNPs for Pb²⁺ removal, optimizing experimental conditions through various analytical techniques. Key validation parameters—linearity, precision, accuracy, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), and the method detection limit (MDL)—were assessed. We investigate a comprehensive study focused on the adsorption properties of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) for Pb²⁺ removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption process was most effective at pH 7.5, achieving an adsorption capacity of 190 mg g⁻¹. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order model with a chemisorption mechanism, while isothermal studies confirmed monolayer adsorption consistent with the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the process is spontaneous and endothermic. The Pb²⁺ concentration was precisely measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), with strong linearity (R² = 0.997), LOQ = 0.179 mg L⁻¹, and LOD = 0.056 mg L⁻¹ for FAAS. These findings show that the PBNPs have a significant potential for effective Pb²⁺ removal and are reusable, making them suitable for eco-friendly remediation applications. Validation parameters confirmed that trace Pb²⁺ levels in environmental samples were accurately and precisely detected. The study emphasizes the high absorption capacity of PBNPs for lead, which was evaluated using different experimental approaches and methodologies.

Microalgae are potential candidates for biorefinery schemes. They have advantages such as high growth rates, versatility for adaptation, and accumulation of value-added compounds. Moreover, Nannochloropsis oculata is investigated for its potential to accumulate fatty acids with bioenergy potential, especially when cultured under stressful temperature conditions. However, the residual biomass obtained after lipid extraction is generally not exploited; due to this, there is an opportunity to analyze the potential of these wastes to develop different bioproducts approaching biorefinery schemes. This work aims to use N. oculata biomass grown under thermal stress to determine potential biodiesel production. Also, the residual defatted biomass revalorization for nanomaterials synthesis (and its applications) was analyzed. N. oculata cultures have shown a good growth performance under high temperatures (35 °C), being a potential candidate to scale up microalgae cultures under tropical climates. Also, the biomass obtained showed adequate lipid productivity (reaching values for 25 °C of 0.07 ± 0.02 and 35 °C of 0.08 ± 0.01 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹); besides, both fatty acids profiles could be suitable for biodiesel production. Furthermore, residual biomass was valuable for green-synthesis of two different nanoparticles: silver (AgNPs) and iron (nZVI), with sizes between 26 and 320 nm; besides, NPs obtained showed potential for Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ remediation, reaching up removals of 68.7 ± 0.13 to 100 ± 0.00% for lead, and 16.9 ± 0.53 to 92.5 ± 0.26% for cadmium.