Studies in recent years have shown that aquatic pollution by microplastics (MPs) can be considered to pose additional stress to amphibian populations. However, our knowledge of how MPs affect amphibians is very rudimentary, and even more limited is our understanding of their effects in combination with other emerging pollutants. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the possible toxicity of polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) (alone or in combination with a mix of pollutants) on the health of Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles. After 30 days of exposure, multiple biomarkers were measured, including morphological, biometric, and developmental indices, behavioral parameters, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and cholinesterase responses, as well as the uptake and accumulation of PE-MPs in animals. Based on the results, there was no significant change in any of the parameters measured in tadpoles exposed to treatments, but induced stress was observed in tadpoles exposed to PE-MPs combined with the mixture of pollutants, reflecting significant changes in physiological and biochemical responses. Through principal component analysis (PCA) and integrated biomarker response (IBR) assessment, effects induced by pollutants in each test group were distinguished, confirming that the exposure of P. cuvieri tadpoles to the PE-MPs in combination with a mix of emerging pollutants induces an enhanced stress response, although the uptake and accumulation of PE-MPs in these animals was reduced. Thus, our study provides new insight into the danger to amphibians of MPs coexisting with other pollutants in aquatic environments.

Abstract This study was conducted during two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019 on Balady Mandarin trees, 20 years old budded on sour orange rootstock and planted at 5×5m apart. Grown at the productive farm located at Shandawel Island, Sohag governorate. This experiment aimed to study the effect of active dry yeast, ascorbic acid, vitamin B complex and their combination on yield components, alternate bearing and fruit quality of Balady Mandarin cultivar grown under Sohage conditions. The obtained results showed that using of active dry yeast at 10g/l (as soil application) as single application or in combination with ascorbic acid and vitamin B complex at 1g/l from each (foliar application) caused a pronounced increasing of fruit numbers, fruit weight (g) and yield (kg). The later also improved fruit quality in terms of TSS%, TSS/acid ratio as well as total sugars, vitamin C content and reducing total acidity of Balady Mandarin fruits. According to results of the current study it could be concluded that using active dry yeast at 10g/l (as soil application) as single treatment or in combination with spraying ascorbic acid (1g/l) plus vitamin B complex (1g/l) three times on the first week of May, July and September led to improve both yield and fruit quality of Balady Mandarin Cultivar under Sohage environmental conditions.

Abstract This investigation was conducted during the two successive seasons i.e. 2019 and 2020 on Zaghloul date palm grown at the experimental orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt. This work conducted to study the effect of different sources of potassium fertilizers on fruiting of Zaghloul date palm under Qena condition. Potassium fertilization via nano-technology, vinasse and potassin were used. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design with three replications. It is evident from the obtained results that using nano-potassium, either soil dressing or foliar spray, as well as foliar spray of vinasse or potassin significantly increased the fruit retention, bunch weight and yield/palm compared to fertilize by potassium sulphate (check treatment). Also, these treatments significantly improved dates quality in terms of increasing fruit weight, flesh percentage, TSS, sugar percentages and anthocyanin contents moreover, decreasing total acidity and total tannins compared to fertilize with the recommended potassium doses via potassium sulphate. From the results, it could be concluded that fertilized Zaghloul date palm with potassium fertilization via foliar spray of either nano-potassium, vinasse or potassium to improve the fertilization efficiency and get high yield with best dates quality. In addition, hasten advance the fruit ripening and overcome potassium fertilization problems.

study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, This Assiut University, Egypt, to study the effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA₃), Naphthalenacetic acid (NAA), calcium chloride and zinc sulphate spraying on fruiting of Manfalouty pomegranate during 2017 and 2018 seasons. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with three replicates, one tree per each.

Experiments were carried out during two consecutive 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons to measure the influence of various sources of nitrogen fertilizers on enhancing growth and fruiting of Williams banana plants grown under Qena Governorate, Egypt. Applying 25% of the recommended nitrogen dose along with 25 to 50% organic-N enriched with EM as a bio-form at 50 or 25% were effective in enhancing all growth aspects, production and fruit quality compared to the control. Using combination of three forms of nitrogen were more favorable than using mineral-N alone.Therefore, it could be concluded that using three forms of nitrogen fertilizers get high yield with good fruit quality of Williams bananas.  In addition, it reduces the cost of production and environmental pollution, due to excess of chemical fertilizers..

Grapevine growth and fruiting are affected by covering and potassium fertilization. For two years field study, 2019 and 2020 seasons in a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design were conducted to study the effects of plastic covering and potassium fertilizer sources on Flame Seedless grapevines. Flame Seedless grown in Upper Egypt and harvested between 15^th May to 10^th June. In this time, market of table grape is suffering from over supply. Thus, prices decrease considerably in the market. On other contrary, harvesting early (before mid of May) leads to at least a 50% increase in the total income. In this experiment outdoor grown Flame Seedless grapevines were covered with UV+IR (Ultra violet + Infra-red) type of polyethylene film (PE) after dormex application at first week of January. Phenological phases like bud-burst, flowering, veraison and ripening as well as vegetative growth, yield quality were determined. Using potassin or feldspar plus potassin significantly increased the growth, and significantly improved the vine nutritional status as well as significantly yield components and improved berry quality. Plastic covering significantly enhanced the dates of all phonological phases, especially ripening that was earlier about 17 & 22 days in both studied seasons compared to uncovered ones. Plastic covering has a positive effect on growth aspects, yield and fruit quality. So, it could be concluded that Flame Seedless grape cultivar gave the highest and earliest yield with good berry quality when covering with plastic film and fertilized with feldspar plus potassin as natural sources of potassium.