THE PRESENT investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of salinity and saline water magnetization on physiological and agronomic traits of 32 bread wheat genotypes and to determine the changes in soil properties. These genotypes were grown in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions during the winter growing seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt and subjected to tap water (control), salinity levels (2,500 and 5,000ppm) and magnetically treated (2,500 and 5,000ppm) saline water. Results showed that values of soil soluble cations and anions were significantly lower under treated magnetic water (TMW). Moreover, magnetic saline water had a positive effect on relative water content by 7.84 and 7.10%, chlorophyll concentration by 6.03 and 9.92% and attributed to decrease the canopy temperature by 7.98 and 10.23% respectively in contrast with 2500 and 5000ppm saline water. Also, it increased plant height to 6.66 and 13.10%, 4.39 and 4.27% for number of spikes/plant, 5.18 and 8.18% for spike length, 5.13 and 10.57%, for biological yield/plant and 6.89 and 7.94% for grain yield/plant compared to irrigation saline water. Indeed, more studies are required to declare the impacts of magnetic water on the growth, yield and quality of other different crops. Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) revealed that lines 9, 16, 3 recorded the lowest values of 0.57, 0.75 and 0.76, respectively, this showing relatively salt tolerant lines compared to other wheat genotypess and introducing new genetic sources for salt tolerance into breeding programs.

Climate change and global warming have become the most significant challenges to the agricultural production worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid areas. The main purpose of plant breeding programs now is to produce a genetically wide range of genotypes that can withstand the adverse effects of climate change. Moreover, farmers have to reallocate their cultivars due to their ability to tolerate unfavorable conditions. During this study, two field experiments and climate analysis based on 150 years of data are conducted to reallocate some genotypes of bread wheat in respect to climate change based on their performance under drought stress conditions. Climatic data indicate that there is an increase in temperature over all Egyptian sites coupled with some changes in rain amount. Among the tested cultivars, cultivar Giza 160 was the perfect one, while cultivar Masr 03 was the weakest one. Susceptibility indices are a good tool for discovering the superior genotypes under unfavorable conditions and, interestingly, some of the cultivars with high performance were among the superior cultivars in more than one of the tested traits in this study. Finally, combining the climatic data and the experimental data, we can conclude that cultivars Giza 160 and Sakha 94 are suitable for growning in zones with harsh environments, such as the eastern desert and southern Egypt, while cultivars Gemmeza 11, Sahel 01, Sakha 98, Sids 12, and Sakha 93 are suitable for growning in zones with good growing conditions, such as the Nile Delta region and northern Egypt.