Introduction: Curcuma longa extract and pomegranate peel extract as homeotherapy have numerous therapeutic uses, mainly for anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective efficacy. The current study compared ORNIPURAL^® (as a commercial hepatoprotective drug) and a herbal mixture of Curcuma longa extract and pomegranate peel extract [as homeotherapy] in dogs with dexamethasone-induced hepatopathy throughout a 42-day long-term study.

Methods: The study was conducted on mongrel dogs (n = 30) throughout three phases of the experiment: an acclimatization phase (14 days), a steroidal-induced hepatopathy phase (14 days), and a treatment phase (14 days, i.e., either with ORNIPURAL® or with herbal mixtures). The investigated dogs undergoing complete clinical and ultrasonographic examinations as well as hematological analysis and serum hepatorenal biomarkers that were estimated in days 0 (control group), 7 (hepatopathy group), 14 (hepatopathy group), 21 (treatment group), and 28 (treatment group). Histopathology of the liver was conducted for some dogs on days 0, 14, and 28 after the euthanization of these animals.

Results and conclusion: The present study reported the most remarkable efficacy of both ORNIPURAL^® and a herbal mixture of Curcuma longa extract and pomegranate peel extract as hepatoprotective medicaments in the therapy of dexamethasone-induced fatty liver in dogs. Therefore, a 14-day treatment with either a herbal mixture or ORNIPURAL^® in treated dogs (treatment groups) induced an unmistakable improvement in their clinical status, blood pictures, and serum hepatorenal parameters as well as characteristic sonographic and histopathological findings compared with those in dexamethasone-induced hepatic lipidosis (hepatopathy groups). Compared to dogs treated with ORNIPURAL^®, this clinical improvement was more evident in dogs treated with an herbal mixture. Moreover, no significant alterations in blood pictures and serum hepatorenal indices were demonstrated between ORNIPURAL^® and herbal-treated dogs. Overall, the herbal mix of Curcuma longa extract and pomegranate peel extract had higher efficacy and greater potency than conventional therapy that uses ORNIPURAL® in treating dogs with hepatopathy. The study also recommended the parallel use of this herbal mixture as well as ORNIPURAL® in long-term therapeutic strategies in dogs with dexamethasone-induced fatty liver as both minimized dexamethasone side effects. Ultrasonography alone was not enough to evaluate hepatobiliary disorders in canines.

Introduction: Acute ruminal impaction is a metabolic disorder of the digestive system that happens in ruminants that have been fed a high amount of cereal grains, negatively impacting animal health and productivity. The present study clarified the diagnostic and prognostic significance of certain clinico-biochemical findings in evaluation of the efficacy of the applied therapeutic regimen in sheep with acute carbohydrate engorgement. This was conducted through monitoring changes in clinical findings, blood pictures, ruminal function biomarkers, serum hepatorenal indicators, and serum electrolytes indices in fattening Osimi sheep on days 0 pre-therapy and days 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 post-therapy.
Methods: The study comprised fattening non-pregnant Osimi sheep (n = 100) with acute ruminal impaction. They were exposed to a 5-day integrated treatment regimen. It included IV infusion of sodium bicarbonate and glucose, an oral drenching of each of magnesium hydroxide, antibloat preparation (Bloatryal), and laxative powder (Apilax Powder). This was followed by injectable doses of flunixin meglumine, diphenhydramine HCl, clanobutin sodium, broad spectrum antibiotic (Combikel 20 + 20), and doramectin (a broad-spectrum anthelmintic). The investigated sheep had a full clinical examination and hemato-biochemical tests from day 0 (pre-therapy) up to day’s 3–90 post-therapy.

Results and conclusion: The applied therapeutic regimen (1–5 days’ therapeutic program) was highly effective in cases of acute ruminal impaction in sheep, as evidenced by a clear improvement in their clinical health status (up to 15 days post-therapy) as well as restoring their reference intervals of ruminal functions biomarkers, blood picture indices, and hepatorenal functions throughout the current study (15–60 days post-therapy). Except for hepatorenal functions, all estimated laboratory indices restored their physiological intervals on the 15th day post-therapy. A 30- to 60-day follow-up period was required post-therapy until hepatorenal function restored their physiological reference intervals.

Background: Ketosis is one of the most important metabolic disorders occurring in dairy cows after calving, which is caused by a negative energy balance during the peripartum period or around parturition.

Aim: The current study focused on the diagnostic significance of the clinical scoring system, with serum lipid profiles, mainly lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100), as recovery indicators in ketotic dairy cattle using the hormonal-steroids-carbohydrate therapeutic protocol. The study also discussed the correlation coefficient between serum apo-B100 and serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in pretreated and post-treated ketotic cattle.

Methods: In this study, 50 ketotic cattle from various dairy farms. The ketotic cows were subjected to a hormonal-steroids-carbohydrate therapeutic regimen extended for a continuous 5 days, including mainly insulin, dexamethasone, and carbohydrate replacement therapy (Glucose solution 50% alternative with dextrose solution 50%) with drenching of propylene glycol. and vitamin B₁₂ injection. Insulin was administered simultaneously with both of glucose and glucocorticoid (Dexamethasone) and alternatively with a 50% dextrose solution. All animals were undergoing thorough clinical and biochemical investigations including mainly clinical scoring system, serum lipid profiles, and serum enzyme activities (Aspartate aminotransferase; AST) in days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30.

Results: The ketotic dairy cattle needed a maximum 30-day follow-up period post-therapy to restore their physiological status for clinical scoring data (7 days needed) and most serum lipid indices [14 days needed, i.e., apoB-100, β-hydroxy butyric acid, NEFA, glucose, cholesterol, and AST]. A 30-day post-therapy as a follow-up period was urgently required to restore their reference values of serum LCAT. The results of this study indicated that serum LCAT activity and ApoB-100 were the most sensitive indicators of the efficacy of therapy and the restoration of the physiological status. The study revealed a significant negative correlation between serum NEFA and apoB-100 in ketotic cattle. The results of this study indicated that serum LCAT activity and ApoB-100 were the most sensitive indicators of the efficacy of therapy and the restoration of the physiological status. This could be seen by an obvious improvement in serum lipid profiles, mainly LCAT and apoB-100, and clinical findings as well as clinical coring data. The study identified a significant negative correlation between NEFA and apoB-100 in ketotic cattle.

Conclusion: Exposure of diseased ketotic dairy cattle to this specific therapeutic strategy had a great impact on their recovery from ketosis and improved their health and productivity status. The current study concluded the diagnostic significance of the clinical scoring system (Appetite score, rumen filling score, manure digestion score, and manure condition score), and serum lipid profiles, mainly LCAT and apoB-100, as recovery indicators in ketotic dairy cattle using hormonal-steroids-carbohydrates therapeutic protocol.

Abstract